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Eliminating potassium permanganate in the design process of Target’s private-label denim products.
In its 2025 Sustainability and Governance Report, Target stated that it had achieved its 2025 targets. Specifically, the company eliminated potassium permanganate (PP)—a chemical oxidant used to create distressed and faded effects on denim—in the design of its private-label denim products.
Although potassium permanganate is not prohibited in any country, it is listed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s hazardous chemicals inventory and classified as a harmful substance by the European Chemicals Agency, primarily because it is toxic to aquatic organisms, can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, may harm fetuses and reproductive function, and can lead to organ damage with prolonged or repeated exposure.
“In addition, as global regulations tighten, the industry is responding by innovating and adopting cleaner technologies,” he said. “This evolving regulatory and market landscape strongly suggests that the use of potassium permanganate is likely to be phased out in the near future.”
This chemical has been included on the Candidate List of the ZDHC Restricted Substances List (MRSL) Version 3.1, which means it may be removed from the Candidate List and added to the Main List in the next update of the ZDHC MRSL.
ZDHC stated: “Whether to include a substance on the main list of ZDHC MRSL Version 4.0 will be determined by the MRSL Council based on the availability of scalable, safer alternatives, as we remain committed to ensuring that our MRSL is a practical standard that can be implemented across the global industry.”
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